Thursday, June 02, 2011

Libya - astudiaeth mewn rhagrith

Mae penderfyniad Elfyn Llwyd i alw am ddadl ynglyn ag ymyraeth y DU yn Libya yn amserol, ac yn gyfle i wneud ambell i sylw ynglyn a'r holl sefyllfa.

Y peth cyntaf i'w ddweud ydi ei bod yn weddol amlwg bod bwriad yr ymyraeth wedi newid, ac mai nid amddiffyn sifiliaid ydi'r bwriad bellach, ond newid y llywodraeth. Tra ei bod yn anodd iawn dod o hyd i rithyn o gydymdeimlad efo Gadaffi, mae'r hyn sydd yn digwydd yn taflu goleuni di drugaredd ar ragrith parhaol a pharhaus gwledydd gorllewinol pan maent yn ymdrin a llywodraethau unbeniaethol.

Mae hefyd werth nodi nad yw pob ymyraeth militaraidd gan y Gorllewin yn rhagrithiol nag yn negyddol o ran canlyniadau. Lleiafrif fyddai'n beirniadu cyrchoedd lluoedd awyr NATO yn Kosovo a Serbia yn 1999 - erbyn heddiw o leiaf.

Beth bynnag, ystyrier y canlynol:
  • Mae Prydain ar hyn o bryd yn hyfforddi gwarchodlu cenedlaethol Saudi Arabia - ac yn eu hyfforddi (ymysg pethau eraill) i 'reoli' torfeydd. Mae'r gwarchodlu wedi cael ei ddefnyddio yn ddiweddar i ymosod ar bobl sydd eisiau mwy o ddemocratiaeth yn Saudi Arabia, ac yn Bahrain. Doedd hyn ddim yn atal William Hague rhag dweud we stand today with the people’ rising up against tyrannical regimes,yn ei araith yn y Mansion House fis diwethaf.
  • Cafodd llywodraethau unbeniaethol Libya a Bahrain wahoddiad gan lywodraeth Prydain i ffair arfau y DSEi yn Llundain yn 2009. Ddeunaw mis yn ddiweddarach roedd rhai o'r arfau a brynwyd yn cael eu defnyddio gan y llywodraethau hynny i lofruddio eu dinasyddion eu hunain. Yn wir mae gwerthiant arfau Prydain i'r ardal hynod ansefydlog yma sydd wedi ei ddominyddu gan arweinwyr unbeniaethol creulon yn sylweddol - fel mae'r map isod yn ei ddangos.
  • Mae'n debyg i o leiaf 800 o sifiliaid gael eu lladd yn Syria tros y misoedd diwethaf gan luoedd diogelwch y wlad - mae'n ddigon tebygol bod hyn yn dywallt gwaed mwy sylweddol nag a ddigwyddodd yn Libya cyn i'r bomiau ddechrau syrthio - ac eto dydan ni ddim hyd yn oed yn gallu perswadio ein hunain i awgrymu i Bashar al-Assad ei fod yn dod o hyd i rhywbeth arall i'w wneud efo'i amser heb son am anfon awyrennau rhyfel i'r ardal.
  • Mae gan wledydd y Gorllewin hanes hir, hir o gynnig cefnogaeth i arweinwyr unbeniaethol ar hyd a lled y Byd - o Shah Iran i Pinochet.
Rwan mae yna reswm syml tros hyn oll wrth gwrs - pan mae gwledydd yn gweithredu maent yn gwneud hynny er eu budd eu hunain gan amlaf - mae yna eithriadau, ond hunan les ydi prif gymhelliant polisi tramor fel rheol. Mae smalio mai rhyw resymau dyngarol sy'n gyfrifol am ymyryd mewn materion mewnol gwledydd eraill yn gwneud yr ymyraeth yn fwy derbyniol i'r cyhoedd tros dro, ond mae'n creu canfyddiad o ragrith a safonau dwbl yn yr hir dymor.

Weithiau mae dyn yn teimlo y byddai dweud mae Gadaffi yn sinach, mae gennym sgor i setlo efo fo, mae ei wlad yn nofio mewn olew yn ffordd mwy derbyniol o gyfiawnhau yr hyn rydym yn ei wneud ar hyn o bryd nag ydi'r holl ddoethinebu rhagrithiol am amddiffyn hawliau dynol.

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